2-D/3-D Resistivity & I.P.

Item

Description

Paper by A. Vinciguerra

Discrete cosine transform for parameter space reduction in Bayesian electrical resistivity tomography. Open access.

Paper by A. Hojat

Forward Modeling Simulations to Validate Changes in Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring Data for a Slope with Complex Geology. Open access.

EAGE NSG 2025 paper

Practical applications of global optimisation techniques in 2-D resistivity inversion. EAGE NSG 2025, Naples, Italy. PowerPoint presentation included.

AGEC 2025 paper

Challenges in the inversion of large 3-D resistivity and I.P. data sets. AEGC conference, ASEG, Perth, WA, Australia. PowerPoint presentation included.

Segment-3D

Manuscript for segmentation of large 3-D models and datasets for inversion

Direc-Time-3D

Manuscript for temporal directional constraints in time-lapse 3-D inversion paper

Vector-Array-3D

Manuscript for vector array inversion paper

Semi-Struc-3D

Manuscript for semi-structured mesh paper

GeoRes3d

3-D Resistivity and IP inversion with a semi-structured mesh. GeoRes3Dx64 Version 4.2.4 (18-08-25).
Resistivity and I.P. inversion with millions of data points. The example data file Large_IP.dat has 1.7 million data points. It requires a PC with at least 128GB RAM and 1TB free disk space.
Research partners with a proper dongle can process large data sets with hundreds of thousands of electrodes.
Other users can process data sets with up to 400 electrodes positions.
See 'Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Kuras, O., Meldrum, P.I., Rucker, D.F., 2022. The use of a semi-structured finite-element mesh in 3-D resistivity inversion. Geophysical Prospecting 70, 1580-1601'

Res3DModx64

64-bit version of 3-D forward modelling program. Res3dmodx64 ver. 3.11.03
This is a free program that is released for academic research. Technical support is not provided.


Legacy Versions

There are the last versions of RES2DINV and RES3DINV that support the Rainbow dongle. Please note they are not compatible with the new versions of Windows. Please contact sales@aarhusgeosoftware.dk for the new online digital license system.

Item

Description

Res2dinv

Res2dinv ver. 3.57 software installation file.

Res3dinv

Res3dinv ver. 2.16 software installation file.

The RES2DINV and RES3DINV will operate in a 'demo' mode if the computer does not have the necessary license. The RES2DINV and RES3DINV demo programs are provided to enable potential customters to test the softwares before making a purchasing decision. In some cases, the free demo version has proved to be sufficient for the needs of the user. This is viewed as a demonstration of the usefulness of the softwares. However, technical support is only available for registered users of the full version of the softwares. If you want to purchase a copy of the full software version, please contact sales@aarhusgeosoftware.dk or one of the authorised software distributors.


Hardware key (dongle) software drivers

This software driver from Rainbow Technologies or Keylok is necessary for current registered users who are running the above programs with Windows XP/Vista/7. For Windows 10, please contact sales@aarhusgeosoftware.dk for the new online digital license system.

Rainbow Technologies Sentinel SuperPro dongle

Item

Description

System Drivers

System drivers for Rainbow Technologies hardware key

Sentinel Medic

Program by Rainbow Technologies to test the hardware key

 

Keylok dongle

Item

Description

System Drivers

System drivers for Keylok hardware key (includes support for Vista/7/8/10/11)

Keylok | Latest Keylok Driver | Keylok USB Vista Driver | System file for USB dongle | Dongle Checker

The types of dongles used by the RES2DINV and RES3DINV software.  Please note the dongles are no longer supported. Please contact sales@aarhusgeosoftware.dk for the new online digital license system.

Use of a dongle on a computer without a parallel port
You need to update your license to the new online digital license system.


Free Software, Papers and Notes

Item

Description

Tutorial Notes - 6th February 2025 Update.

Lecture notes on 2D & 3D electrical imaging surveys. Appendix J about an inconsistency in the Dey and Morrison 2.5D finite-difference method. New Appendix L with comparison of linear perturbation and complex conductivity calculation methods for a large 3-D model with very high resistivity contrasts.

Notes

Notes on electrical imaging in SPANISH

CD Files

Set of files for CD (29th. April 2019). Includes software, Tutorial Notes, abstracts and papers.

ZIP file with old versions

Old versions of Res2dinvx64, Res3dinvx32 and Res3dinvx64

Publications 1994-2020

Publications by M.H.Loke 1994 to 2020 (PhD thesis, conference and journal papers)

ZIP file with extended abstract and slides

Rapid Inversion of Data from 2-D and from 3-D Resistivity Surveys with Shifted Electrodes, EAGE NSG 2015 conference paper

ZIP file with extended abstract and slides

Optimized Arrays for Resistivity Measurements Confined to the Perimeter of a Survey Area, EAGE NSG 2015 conference paper

ZIP file with extended abstract and slides

3-D resistivity inversion with electrodes displacements, ASEG 2016 conference paper

Abstract

Extended abstract of ASEG 2013 paper "The inversion of data from complex 3-D resistivity and I.P. surveys" (PDF format)

Selected Journal Papers by M.H.Loke

(1). Loke, M.H. and Dahlin, T., 2002. A comparison of Gauss-Newton and quasi-Newton methods in resistivity imaging inversion. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 49, 149-162.

(2). Dahlin, T., Bernstone, C. and Loke, M.H., 2002, A 3D resistivity investigation of a contaminated site at Lernacken in Sweden. Geophysics, 60, 1682-1690.

(3). Marescot, L., Loke, M.H., Chapellier, D., Delaloye, R., Lambiel, C. and Reynard, E., 2003. Assessing reliability of 2D resistivity imaging in mountain permafrost studies using the depth of investigation index method. Near Surface Geophysics, 1, 57-68.

(4). Loke, M.H., Acworth, I. and Dahlin, T., 2003. A comparison of smooth and blocky inversion methods in 2D electrical imaging surveys. Exploration Geophysics, 34, 182-187.

(5). Chambers, J.E, Loke, M.H., Ogilvy, R.D. and Meldrum, P.I., 2003. Non-invasive monitoring of DNAPL migration through a saturated porous medium using electrical impedance tomography. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 68, 1-22.

(6). White, R.M.S., Collins, S. and Loke, M.H., 2003. Resistivity and IP arrays, optimised for data collection and inversion. Exploration Geophysics, 34, 229-232.

(7). Loke, M.H. and Lane, J.W., 2004. Inversion of data from electrical resistivity imaging surveys in water-covered areas. Exploration Geophysics, 35, 266-271.

(8). Nguyen, F, Pirard, E., Garambois, S, Jongmans, D. and Loke, M.H., 2005. Image processing of 2D resistivity data for imaging faults. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 57, 260-277.

(9). Loke, M.H., Chambers, J.E. and Ogilvy, R. D., 2006. Inversion of 2-D spectral induced polarization imaging data. Geophysical Prospecting, 54, 287-301.

(10). Tonkov, N. and Loke, M.H., 2006. A resistivity survey of a burial mound in the Valley of the Thracian Kings'. Archaeological Prospection, 13, 129-136.

(11). Linderholm, P., Marescot, L., Loke, M.H. and Renaud, P., 2008. Cell Culture Imaging Using Microimpedance Tomography. IEEE transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55, 138-146.

(12). Sjödahl, P., Dahlin, T., Johansson, S. and Loke, M.H., 2008. Resistivity monitoring for leakage and internal erosion detection at Hällby embankment dam. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 65, 155-164.

(13). Hilbich, C., Marescot, L., Hauck, C., Loke, M.H. and Mäusbacher, R., 2009. Applicability of ERT Monitoring to Coarse Blocky and Ice-rich Permafrost Landforms. Permafrost and Periglacial Process, 20, 269-284.

(14). Rucker, D.F., Loke, M.H., Levitt, M.T. and Noonan, G.E., 2010. Electrical Resistivity Characterization of an Industrial Site using Long Electrodes. Geophysics, 75, WA95-WA104.

(15). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B. and Chambers, J.C., 2010. Fast computation of optimized electrode arrays for 2D resistivity surveys. Computers & Geosciences, 36, 1414-1426.

(16). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B. and Chambers, J.C., 2010. Parallel computation of optimized arrays for 2-D electrical imaging surveys. Geophysical Journal International, 183, 1202-1315.

(17). Chambers, J.E., Wilkinson, P.B., Wealthall, G.P., Loke, M.H., Dearden, R., Wilson, R., Ogilvy, R.D., 2010. Hydrogeophysical Imaging of Deposit Heterogeneity and Groundwater Chemistry Changes during DNAPL Source Zone Bioremediation. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 118, 43-61.

(18). Loke, M.H., 2011. Electrical resistivity surveys and data interpretation. in Gupta, H (ed.), Solid Earth Geophysics Encyclopaedia (2nd Edition) "Electrical & Electromagnetic",Springer-Verlag, 276-283.

(19). Loke, M.H., Chambers, J.E. and Kuras, O., 2011. Instrumentation, electrical resistivity. in Gupta, H (ed.), Solid Earth Geophysics Encyclopaedia (2nd Edition) "Electrical & Electromagnetic", Springer-Verlag, 599-604.

(20). Rucker, D.F., Fink, J.B. and Loke, M.H., 2011. Environmental Monitoring of Leaks using Time Lapsed Long Electrode Electrical Resistivity. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 74, 242-254.

(21). Wilkinson, P.B., Loke, M.H., Meldrum, P.I., Chambers, J.E., Kuras, O., Gunn, D.A. and Ogilvy, R.D., 2012. Practical aspects of applied optimized survey design for electrical resistivity tomography. Geophysical Journal International, 189, 428-440.

(22). Rucker, D.F., Crook, N., Glaser, D. and Loke, M.H., 2012. Pilot-scale field validation of the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method. Geophysical Prospecting, 60, 1150-1166

(23). Chambers, J.E., Wilkinson, P.B., Penn, S., Meldrum, P.I., Kuras, O., Loke, M.H. and Gunn, D.A., 2013. River terrace sand and gravel deposit reserve estimation using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography for bedrock surface detection. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 93, 25-32

(24). Loke, M.H., Chambers, J.E., Rucker, D.F., Kuras, O. and Wilkinson, P.B., 2013. Recent developments in the direct-current geoelectrical imaging method. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 95, 135-156

(25). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Chambers, J.E. and Strutt, M., 2014. Optimized arrays for 2-D cross-borehole electrical tomography surveys. Geophysical Prospecting, 62, 172-189

(26). Loke, M.H., Dahlin, T. and Rucker, D.F., 2014. Smoothness-constrained time-lapse inversion of data from 3-D resistivity surveys. Near Surface Geophysics, 12, 5-24

(27). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Uhlemann, S.S., Chambers, J.E. and Oxby, L. S., 2014. Computation of optimized arrays for 3-D electrical imaging surveys. Geophysical Journal International, 199, 1751-1764.

(28). Loke, M.H., P. B. Wilkinson, P.B. , Chambers, J.E., Uhlemann, S.S. and Sorensen, J.P.R, 2015. Optimized arrays for 2-D resistivity survey lines with a large number of electrodes. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 112, 136-146.

(29). Wilkinson, P.B., Uhlemann, S., Chambers, J.C., Meldrum, P.I. and Loke, M.H., 2015. Development and testing of displacement inversion to track electrode movements on 3-D electrical resistivity tomography monitoring grids. Geophys. J. Int., 200, 1566-1581.

(30). Wilkinson, P.B., Uhlemann, S., Meldrum, P.I. Chambers, J.C., Carriere, S., Oxby, L.S. and Loke, M.H., 2015. Adaptive time-lapse optimized survey design for electrical resistivity tomography monitoring. Geophys. J. Int., 203, 755-766.

(31). Loke, M.H., Kiflu, H., Wilkinson, P.B., Harro, D. and Kruse, S., 2015. Optimized arrays for 2-D resistivity surveys with combined surface and buried arrays. Near Surface Geophysics, 13, 505-517.

(32). Dahlin, T. and Loke, M.H., 2015. Negative Apparent Chargeability in Time-domain Induced Polarisation Data. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 123, 322-332.

(33). Wilkinson, P., Chambers, J., Uhlemann, S., Meldrum, P., Smith, A., Dixon, N. Loke, M.H., 2016. Reconstruction of landslide movements by inversion of 4-D electrical resistivity tomography monitoring data. Geophysical Reserach Letters, 43, 1166-1174.

(34). Kiflu, H., Kruse, S., Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B. and Harro, D., 2016. Improving resistivity survey resolution at sites with limited spatial extent using buried electrode arrays. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 135, 338-355.

(35). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson,P.B., Chambers,J. E. and Meldrum, P.I., 2018. Rapid inversion of data from 2-D resistivity surveys with electrodes displacements. Geophysical Prospecting, 66, 579-594.

(36). Dahlin, T. and Loke, M.H., 2018. Underwater ERT surveying in water with resistivity layering with example of application to site investigation for a rock tunnel in central Stockholm. Near Surface Geophysics, 16, 230-237.

(37). Fathi, M.A., Loke, M. H., Nawawi, M. and Abdullah, K., 2018. Assessing the reliability and performance of optimized and conventional resistivity arrays for shallow subsurface investigations. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 155, 237-245.

(38). Fathi, M.A., Loke, M. H., Nawawi, M. and Abdullah, K., 2019. Improving the resolution of 3-D resistivity surveys along the perimeter of a confined area using optimized arrays. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 176 (4),1701-1715.

(39). Lowe, M.A., Mathes, F., Loke, M. H., McGrath, G., Murphy, D. and Leopold, M., 2019. Bacillus subtilis and surfactant amendments for the breakdown of soil water repellency in a sandy soil. Geoderma, 344, 108-118.

(40). Loke, M.H., Rucker, D., Dahlin, T. and Chambers, J.E., 2019. Recent advances in the geoelectrical method and new challenges : A software perspective. FastTimes, 24 (4), 56-62.

(41). Hojat, A., Arosio, D., Ivanov, V.V., Loke, M.H., Longoni, L., Papini, M., Tresoldi, G. and Zanzi, L., 2020. Quantifying seasonal 3D effects for a permanent electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring system along the embankment of an irrigation canal. Near Surface Geophysics, 18, 427-443.

(42). Loke, M.H., Papadopoulos, N, Wilkinson, P.B., Oikonomou, D., Simyrdanis, K. and Rucker, D., 2020. The inversion of data from very large 3-D ERT mobile surveys. Geophysical Prospecting, 68, 2579-2597.

(43). Papadopoulos, N., Oikonomou, D., Simyrdanis, K. and Loke, M.H., 2021. Practical considerations for shallow submerged archaeological prospection with 3-D electrical resistivity tomography. Archaeological Prospection, 29(1), 103-123.

(44). Vinciguerra, A., Aleardi, M., Hojat, A, Loke, M.H. and Stucchi, E., 2022. Discrete Cosine Transform for Parameter Space Reduction in Bayesian Electrical Resistivity Tomography. Geophysical Prospecting, 70, 193-209.

(45). Fathi, M.A., Loke, M. H., Nawawi, M., Abdullah, K., Younis, A. and Arisona, A., 2022. Utilizing NWCR Optimized Arrays for 2D ERT Survey to Identify Subsurface Structures at Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 196, 104518.

(46). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Gance, J., Malet, J-P., Truffert, C. and Leite, O., 2022. Measurement and inversion strategies for 3-D resistivity surveys with vector arrays. Geophysical Prospecting, 70, 578-592.

(47). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Chambers, J.E., Uhlemann, S., Dijkstra, T. and Dahlin, T., 2022. The use of asymmetric time constraints in 4-D ERT inversion. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 197, 104536.

(48). Loke, M.H., Wilkinson, P.B., Kuras, O., Meldrum, P.I. and Rucker, D.F., 2022. The use of a semi-structured finite-element mesh in 3-D resistivity inversion. Geophysical Prospecting, 70, 1580-1601.

Contact the authors concerning the papers.

PowerPoint Slides

PowerPoint slides from various NSG, ASEG and SAGEEP conferences, includes SAGEEP 2019 keynote address. A simple and visual introduction to various topics on 2-D, 3-D and 4-D inversions.

Paper

Copper Hill mineral deposit 3D IP survey and inversion modelling by Arctan Services Pty., Australia

Publications

Web site with publications on electrical imaging in Spanish

Report

Report of geophysical survey in the Afar region (Ethiopia) by NGO Action Against Hunger. The search for groundwater in a harsh but beautiful land by electrical imaging.

SAGEEP 2019

SAGEEP 2019 EEGS-SEG Frank-Frischknecht Leadership Award Keynote address

RES2DMOD

Free 2D Resistivity and IP forward modelling software (Windows version 3.03.06)
Calculate apparent resistivity for non-standard arrays surveys. Please note that as this is a free program, technical support is not provided.

RES3DMOD

Free 3D Resistivity and IP forward modelling software, Windows ver. 2.14.21. Please note that as this is a free program, technical support is not provided.

RES1D

Simple and free 1D resistivity and IP program, ver. 1.00.09. This is a free non-commercial program released for academic use. It is not intended for commercial use (see the X2IPI program under 'Electrical Data Processing' link below for commercial use).

FreqEM

Free 1-D frequency domain EM modeling program for the EM-34 type of instrument.


Links to other useful software

Item

Description

PDF Reader

Free Adobe Acrobat Reader program for PDF files

Text Editor

GWD Text Editor for Windows (shareware)

Graphics Editor

Neopaint graphics editing software (shareware)

Electrical Data Processing

Software to edit resistivity and IP data, includes a commercial 1D inversion software

Shareware

Site for various demo and shareware programs

2D plotting

Demo for Surfer 2D plotting software

3D graphics and models

A sophisticated 3D earth science graphics package. Supported by RES3DINV.

2D and 3D graphics package

Includes functions to directly import model information from RES2DINV/RES3DINV

3D plotting

Demo for Slicer/Dicer 3D plotting software

ParaView

ParaView free opensource 3D visualization software

geotomosoft@outlook.com | geotomosoft@gmail.com | sales@aarhusgeosoftware.dk